(Picture from here.)
When I was in grade school, in California, my
father enrolled me in a judo class. I have no idea why he did it—in fact, it
was done so early in my life it seemed completely natural. Who wouldn't, right? I never even thought to ask him why he did it
until after he was dead and I couldn’t.
I loved it. Imagine wrestling as an art form.
Chokes and pins as things of beauty. Learning to fly to the air and fall
without pain—well, mostly without pain. I don’t remember much pain then. I had to grow older to get that.
I revisited Judo briefly in
college and then left it until about six years ago. My son had left gymnastics
and asked what sport he could try. I mentioned Judo and he tried it and stayed with it for a while. He was beautiful at it. About a
year later I succumbed to the draw and started as well. He left it later but I’ve kept at it.
But it’s hard to talk about judo without knowing
what it is.
Judo (pronounced Joo-doe) means “Gentle way” in
Japanese. It was invented by Kanō Jigorō
in the 1880’s in Japan. He founded his own school in 1882. He was 22.
Kanō had studied jiujitsu—an older form of Japanese unarmed combat—much of his life. This turned out to be difficult because many Japanese thought
that jiujitsu was outmoded and no longer useful. Kanō didn’t agree. When Kanō
opened his school he called is discipline judo, in part, to break the
association with jiujitsu. But also because he’d come to embrace two concepts that he felt had relevance to modern Japan and the world:
- seiryoku zen'yō (精力善用): maximum efficiency, minimum effort
- jita kyōei (自他共栄 ): mutual welfare and benefit
Kanō had adopted three basic categories of
techniques from jiujitsu: throwing techniques where an opponent was brought to
the ground, pinning techniques and submission techniques including chokes and
joint locks. But he adapted them to be used safely.
For example, one jiujitsu throw involved
using the arm with the elbow open—pretty much insuring that the joint was
broken in the throw. The throw was modified such that this didn’t happen. Joint
locks were restricted to the elbow only—much more easily controlled—and done in
a manner that allowed the opponent to surrender. Chokes were changed from the
windpipe to the neck—carotid pressure which can cause unconsciousness if the
opponent does not submit but doesn’t cause permanent injury. Teachers step in
to prevent even that. Throws involve falling from height so Kanō introduced ukemi—the technique of falling.
A side note: about two years ago I stepped off the curb, slipped and fell forward. Instead of a face plant involving at the very minimum a broken nose, I hit the concrete in a perfect judo front fall. It hurt but I was without injury. Judo works.
Judo techniques are much more about timing
and leverage than strength. It doesn’t have to be a young man’s sport. In my
current dojo, one sensei (teacher) is
in his fifties and the other is seventy. We have two other seventy year olds,
one is a beginner and the other is a brown belt studying for black. It's no secret I’m not
young. We also have a thirty-three year old who regularly mops the floor with
me but sometimes I get him back. The fact that there is a discipline where I can
compete with a younger man nearly half my age and do okay is pretty amazing.
This all goes back to Kanō's two principles. The
techniques reflect maximum efficiency and minimum effort. But they are connected to mutual welfare—you can’t play with an opponent if you break him.
And you won’t get better without an opponent. Judo requires two players. It is an intimate discipline: you spend a lot of time in close physical contact with your co-students, teachers and opponents. It’s impossible to play judo alone.
This is what attracted me to judo all along. Few
human endeavors are without ego. Judo is no exception. But judo is one of the
few disciplines that structurally embodies cooperation. You must help your fellow student learn—he is essential for you to learn. And you must protect your opponent from injury insuring that he will protect you from injury.
Kanō realized that the physical concepts he was
teaching in his dojo had a larger philosophical and moral dimension. This is an
excerpt from what Kanō said in response to judo being considered as n Olympic
sport:
“... judo in reality is not a mere sport or game.
I regard it as a principle of life, art and science. In fact, it is a means for
personal cultural attainment...Judo should be free as art and science from any
external influences, political, national, racial, and financial or any other
organized interest. And all things connected with it should be directed to its
ultimate object, the ‘Benefit of Humanity’.”
This concept is attractive to me.
There's a tendency—at least in the United States—to narrow the definitions associated with affection. There's family bonds, some kinds of friends, bands of brothers and sexual love. I think human beings are far more diverse in their emotions. What ties together a judo dojo is a bond of affection that is local to the dojo but extends from it. It's not the band of brothers military thing where other people are willing to die for you. And it's not an intense colleague relationship where people on a project put their marriages at risk for some accomplishment.
I've done other martial arts and it's been an intense experience—notice, please, that I've not called judo a martial art—but this is different. There is a close and personal bond based on something that we are all aspiring to do and for which we are all absolutely essential to one another. Is that love? I don't know.
There’s a free sparring component to judo called randori. At this point, people pair up and use what they’ve learned against one another. We get thrown, pinned, choked and locked a lot. But if you go to a boxing match or MMA fight or wrestling or tennis match and watch the losers you see anger, grief, humiliation, embarrassment. In randori, you see someone say nice. That’s the difference.
That happened to me last Thursday when Young Steve (I’m Old Steve) took me down in a yoko wakare. (Picture at left.) I was saying nice! as I was going over. Then, I got up and we went at it again.
It’s not all roses and carnations. As my sensei says, we’re not playing badminton. I’ve had some injuries in judo. Usually it was because I did something stupid. For me, half of understanding judo is learning not to do something stupid.
But it certainly feels great when my opponent—or my
teacher—says nice when I do
something right. It feels even better to say nice
to someone else for the same reason.
And that’s why I’m there.
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